I hope you have gained all the basic and general knowledge mcqs questions about pakistan from the abovegiven table. This file is licensed under the creative commons attributionshare alike 3. The tools to create and view pdffiles, acrobat, were released in on 15 june 1993. History pdf books free download page 31 of 33 ebookmela. This religious freedom for the muslims and other minorities was the main idea behind the foundation of pakistan. Pdf files present a document in a fixed layout much like an image which translates the same throughout various programs, hardware, and operating systems. Because of the scarcity of ancient texts and of available archaeological data, the numismatic evidence constitutes the main source for the reconstruction of the history of the greeks and their successors in bactria and india. Pdf stands for portable document format and was developed by adobe. D the history of herodotus vaspr08 eoc whist i rb 32808 9. These pak studies fsc part 2 short questions english notes are according to punjab text book board, lahore.
When it comes to ancient history, pakistan contains its fair share of treasures, one of the prominent of these being the ancient metropolis of taxila. Among ancient religions of indian subcontinent, jainism is the only one that remained a practicing religion in. But in a case yet you have any further questions in your mind you can ask us through the following comment box. Taxila is situated about 32 km 20 mi northwest of islamabad and rawalpindi, along the historic grand trunk road, near the important sikh pilgrimage centre of hasan abdal, and the mughalera wah gardens. Apart from the handicrafts the citys stone work is also very famous and a small cottage industry for stone works has emerged in the city. For several years prior to this, she was teaching in the department of history of art at the national museum institute, new delhi. Educational institutes taxila, nalanda and vallabhi. Pakistan has a 1,046kilometre 650mile coastline along the arabian sea and gulf of oman in the south and is bordered by. Indian history questions answers mcq general knowledge. The great kushan dynasty was then established in 50 a. Current status of management and protection of taxila world. Components of a refrigerating system, leakage, domestic and commercial applications. The pdf file format is pretty flexible however and it allows for the use of extensions data that might have value to a certain application but that other software can simply ignore. Taxila or takshashila was an ancient capital city of the buddhist kingdom of gandhara and a center of learning, what is now northwestern pakistan.
Map of taxila the ancient geography of india, volume 1. More than 2700 years back a huge university existed in that ancient india where over 10,500 students from all across the world came for higher studies. Taxila museum is one of the most famous museums in pakistan. The land routes was nevertrade of these over completely interrupted despite vicissitudes and the best efforts of the romans to divert it to the sea3. Brief history of refrigeration, the refrigeration cycle, air cycle and heat pumps, reverse carnot cycle, the vaporcompression cycles, coefficient of performance, introduction to pressureenthalpy charts. Ghandhara an appraisal of its meaning and history 3 occurs in the rigveda about one thousand years before the advent of buddhism in gandhara smith 1964. The next step in taxila s history was the indogreek descendents of the alexander warriors.
Taxila acted as a focal point in these eastwest routes. Parts of khyberpakhtunkhwa kp and balochistan almost completely overlook dishes such as nihari and biryani. Gandhara an appriasal of its meanings and history gandhara. From the ancient geography of india, volume 1 by sir alexander cunningham pg. Taxila was a hub of buddhism, a centre of learning, an. Pdf files are designed to work on multiple platforms and software the term itself, portable document format, was given as this file format is designed to portable and easy to share amongst users, especially in situations where not everyone in a group has access to the same software. Making a pharmacymedical related website i have also added the link of two pdf files below in the employment history containing my previous work an assignment and a presentation where i helped a fourth year pharmd student regarding industrial pharmacys assignment, the. This media file is either in the public domain or published under a free license, and contains no inbound file links if this media file is useful, then it should be transferred to the wikimedia commons. The ever present challenge of what is generally summarized as globalisation a term which, for our specific focus, describes the accelerating.
Was gandhara a holy place even then to justify the meaning land of fragrance there is no evidence to support it. The laurelate head of the bearded god janus, generally shown with a face to the past and a face to the future, decorates the obverse or front side. Students finished when the teacher said they were done taxila became a great. Rare and unique coins, other than punchmarked, found at taxila between 1912 and 1934. The applicant countries prepare field files to be analyzed by unesco and whc, in. Taxila, pakistan wikipedia bahasa indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas. It is one of the most known ancient universities of india. Two hoards of silver punchmarked coins found in the bhir mound at taxila. Very helpful notes for the students of 2nd year to prepare their paper of pak studies according to syllabus given by federal board of intermediate and secondary education fbise, faisalabad board, multan board, sargodha board, dg. This was the takshashila university of ancient india wrongly spelled as taxila today. Click on a datetime to view the file as it appeared at that time. Educational institutes taxila, nalanda and vallabhi gujrat. History of pakistan in urdu download pdf urdumania.
The murundas and the ancient traderoute from taxila to ujjain published on 01 jan 1966 by brill. What we know is that parthia also went on growing wealthy on the landtrade which still poured through it. Sep 07, 2012 brief history of refrigeration, the refrigeration cycle, air cycle and heat pumps, reverse carnot cycle, the vaporcompression cycles, coefficient of performance, introduction to pressureenthalpy charts. At that time, it was referred to as ips which stood for interchange postscript. Current status of management and protection of taxila. All land routes from the west and north have to pass through this city. A note on ancient history taksha the shortened moniker for takshashila institute was named after takshas cutrock or stele city in ancient northern india, the site of the ancient worlds supposed first international university c.
Microsoft forced the upgrade to windows 10 and i have had nothing but trouble since. D, and within these 200 years taxila became the most renowned center for philosophy, art and learning. Price history tables and charts usa china western europe world export hotrolled band coldrolled coil standard plate rebar steel scrap. It is the worlds fifthmost populous country with a population exceeding 212. And this is from a book which claims to be a historical survey of the destruction of knowledge from ancient babylon and china to modern times. By area, it is the 33rdlargest country, spanning 881,9 square kilometres 340,509 square miles. In the last two decades, the discipline of art history has entered a new stage of methodological debate. Acrobat 9 pdf files are enhanced with such extensions, called adobe extension level 3. Following functions have been allocated to national history and literary heritage division under the rules of business 1973. By some accounts, taxila was considered to be one of the earliest or the earliest universities in the world. Doctor banaras khan awan is a classical homeopath from pakistan. What was important to greeks, now in control of taxila, was the trade with the seleucid empire through seleucia, because there is very little pointing towards egypt.
The history of pdf how the file format and acrobat evolved. You can grab a selection of books from the punjab board here, with everything from primary to class 12 available as pdf files. International agreements and assistance in the field of archaeology, national museums and historical monuments declared to be of national importance 2. A fresh light1 abstract this paper attempts to understand the history, art and architecture of jains in pakistan with the new perspective. This coin, manufactured in rome in 338269 bce, has a diameter of 6. Taksha the shortened moniker for takshashila institute was named after takshas cutrock or stele city in ancient northern india, the site of the ancient worlds supposed first international university c. The murundas and the ancient traderoute from taxila to. The greenwood histories of the modern nations, issn 1096 2905 includes bibliographical references and index. D taxila map legend at succession of cyrus i under cyrus the great added by cambyses added by darius vassal and tributary regions w e n s persian empire odessus nineveh memphis taxila vaspr08 eoc whist i rb 32808 9. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in.
When i try a filehistory backup, after i plugged my thumb drive into the e. The composition of the rigveda was followed by the brahmanas. The jain history, art and architecture in pakistan. The byzantine church allowed people to worship using their own languages instead of latin. Literally meaning city of cut stone or rock of taksha, takshashila rendered by greek writers as taxila was founded, according to the indian epic ramayana, by bharata, younger brother of rama, an incarnation of the hindu. Media in category khanpur cave, taxila the following 8 files are in this category, out of 8 total. Taxila terletak sekitar 32 km 20 mi barat laut islamabad dan rawalpindi, sepanjang grand trunk road bersejarah, dekat pusat ziarah sikh penting di hasan abdal, dan taman wah zaman mughal taxila kuno secara historis disebut sebagai takshashila dalam bahasa sanskerta, dan takkasila dalam bahasa pali. What was the time period of indus civilization harappan civilization. Taxila is situated about 32 km 20 mi northwest of islamabad and rawalpindi, along the historic grand trunk road, near the important sikh pilgrimage centre of hasan abdal, and the mughalera wah gardens ancient taxila was historically referred to as takshashila in sanskrit, and takkasila in pali. Taxila terletak sekitar 32 km 20 mi barat laut islamabad dan rawalpindi, sepanjang grand trunk road bersejarah, dekat pusat ziarah sikh penting di hasan abdal, dan taman wah zaman mughal. Taxila world heritage site is facing several problems.
Taxila was known in pali as takkasila, and in sanskrit as takshashila, iast. Others do not consider it a university in the modern sense, in that the teachers living there may not have had official membership of particular colleges, and there did not seem to have existed purposebuilt lecture halls and residential quarters in taxila, in. The harvard of ancient times students at taxila university learned archery, horse riding, elephant riding, philosophy, defence sciences, grammar, religion, law no examinations. If the file lacks a description you can check edits the uploader made just after uploading this file with this tool if this media is not useful, please propose it for deletion or list it at. Taxila is famous for its handicrafts which not only reflect the citys culture but the history of the place as well. This first version was of no use for the prepress community. It was unthinkable that the muslims of indopak subcontinent will be able to exercise their religion with freedom under the british rule and the overpowering hindus. But what i would really suggest you go for, alongside this, is the murder of history. It is an arabic dish more popular in punjab and sindh. Taxila is known from references in indian and grecoroman literary sources and from the accounts of two chinese buddhist pilgrims, faxian and xuanzang. Taxila, pakistan wikimili, the best wikipedia reader. Pakistan, officially the islamic republic of pakistan, is a country in south asia. It is a city of the gandharan civilization, sometimes known as one of its capitals, whose history can be traced from early microlithic communities at the khanpur caves up to almost ce.